Organ-pipe.



' W. E. HASKELL.

. ORGAN PIPE.

' APPLICATION IILED DBO. 29, 1909. 967,91 1 Y Patented Aug. 23, 1910.

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Elam/Tole W. E., HASKELL.

ORGAN PIPE.

APPLIOATION rum) DEC. 29, 1909.

I 1; w 1 i WITNESSES Patented Aug. 23, 19 10.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES P WILLIAM E. HAsKnLIl, or sm'rrnnnono, VERMONT, Assmnon. T0 Es'rEY .2

CQMPANY, OF BRATTLEBORO, VERMONT,- A CORPORATION 01? VERMONT.

ORGAN-PIPE.

seam-1.

- It has from the earliest period in the history of labial organ pipes been well known that increasing the length of the pipe lowered the pitch and that by making the pipe with a closed or stopped to the pitch is materially lowered as compared wlth'that of an open pipe of the same length. Nevertheless, stopped pipes of low pitch have been. necessarily very long, so that in many situations, in which it is' desired to use pipe organs, there is not available room for the pipes required togive the desired low pitch.

-The present invention is based u on the discovery that by the employment 0 f a' com- ,yithe complementary chamber with the maina top h. The tube hasfsoldered'to it, near its 7 plementary' chamber'the pitch of stopped ipes can be materially lowered without-any increase in the length or other usual dimensions. i

It is practicable,'with the present-invention, to lower the pitch ten semi-tones without increasingthe length of the pipe, although the best results are obtained" if the pitch is lowered not more than nine semitones.

- The present improvements are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure l, is a vertical longitudinal section of a pipe in the planeindicated by the line v1l in Fig. 3. Fig. 2, is a vertical longi-- ,tudinal section in-the lane indicated bv the line,2--2in.Fig. 1g. 3,'is a cross-section in the plane indicated by the line 3-3 in Fl 1. v Fig. 4:, is a cross-section in the plane in ieated by theline 1'lin Fi 2. Fig. 5, is,-. a detail vertical section ilustrating the specific means employed for connecting chamber of the pipe.

' ,drawingsare made to scale, as indicited, except-that the thickness of the ,wall

of' the complementary chamber is somewhat Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed December 29, 1909. Serial No. 535,896.

' Patented Aug. 23, 1910.

exaggerated, since this Wall is so thin in practice that it could only be shown by a fine line if illustrated in proportion. I

Except for the complementary chamber A, and its relations to the remainder of the pipe, theillustrated pipe is similar to wellknown wood fstopped labial organ pipes. The main body of the pipe has front and rear walls B, Land side walls C. There is shown a usual form of mouth a, in thefront wall opposite which is a. harmonic bridge I). There is supplied a usual'foot D, and the air isvdirected across the mouth a, through an ordinary windway 0. At its 'top the piEe is t'urnished withan ordinary stopper having a handled. The stopper fits tightly within and closes the-top of the organ pipe, having a kid packing 6, around its periphery sons to make an air-tight joint with the walls B, and C. The stopper can be raised and lowered by the handle d, for tuning purposes. In all of these particulars there has been selected for illustration a common form of stopped labial organ pipe.

.In the case of an organ pipe of the illustrated dimensions, if the stopper were re moved, there would remain a plain open struction and dimensions of the pipe. With the improved complementary, chamber A, as illustrated in the drawings, the pitch is lowered nine semi-tones, the tone being thus dropped to GGG, having 48 vibrations per second.

The complementary chamber A, as specifically illustrated, is constituted bya cylin drical tube made ofthe ordinary metallic f composition used in making pipes. Desirably, the wall should be as thin as practicable, say one-thirty-seeond 1/32) of an inch, or three sixty-fourths (3 64 of an inch in thickness, dependent upon its size. This tube has a closed bottom g,.and anopen u per end, two screw threaded rods F, F, w ch extend through holes in the stopper metal organ.

E, or which fit nuts G,-'both above and complementary chamber is suspended and sup orted from the stopper and can be I that the areas in cross-section of the com-.

' chamber exact equality is attained the better the.

rea ily adjusted to exactly the right place with respect to the stopper. The nuts Gr, also should besuch as to render air-tight the holes in the stopper through which the rods F, ass. In practice these nuts have been ma e of leather, so that theyserve to render the holes air-tight without the employment of extra felt washers. It is important that the complementary chamber tube thussuspended should not rattleagainst the exterior walls of the pipe and, accordingly, the tube has soldered to its lower end a spring H, which presses into one corner of the outer walls of the pipe, as shown in Fig.4, whereby the. lower end of the tube is pressed against two of the walls B, and 0, thereby preventing any rattling.

Certain characteristics are important. The 1 tube which, constitutes the complemntary chamber is surrounded by the outer walls of the pipe and the portion of the pipe between these outer'walis and the'tube constitutes what may be properly called for the purpose of identification the primary chamber I, of the pipe. It is important plementar chamber A, and ofthe primary should be equal. The nearer acoustic result. Practically, however, if the walls of the complementary chamber tube are made ofthin metal, the thickness of the metal can be ignored in calculating the two areas. It is also important that the open space between the top edge of thecomplementary chamber tube and the lower faceof the stopper should be correct. The ver-' tical distance between the top edge of the tube and the 'lower face of the stopper should be one-fourth the diameter of the tube. This makes the area of the annular passage bea the top of the tube and the bottomof the stopper variable, but the average distance is one-fourth the diameter of the tube.

The complementary chamber communicates directly at its open top with theprimary chamber, and solely with the primary chamber, that is to say, the complementary chamber does not open-at its top into the surrounding atmosphere, but its communicationis with the primary chamber only.

The tube is preferably made cylindrical, as shown, since that is the most economical construction; and it is made of metal since metal can'be so thin as to be negligible in .be of shapes other than cylindrical.

computing the areas, and can be so light 7 that the tube can be suspended from' the stopper without interfering with the stopper maintaining its position in the pipe by fric-- 1 tion. An advantage of suspending the complementary chamber tube from the stopper is that the relation between the two remains the same to whatever position the stopper may be moved in tuning. These preferred constructions, however, can be departed from without affecting the fundamental principles of the invention.

The drawings illustrate a specific pipe with the complementary chamber of nearly maximum length, thus giving a low without increasing the length of the of the pipe. As'heretofore stated, the comh th lementary chamber 'could be made still a pi evproducin the same itch and qualit P g 5 Y of tone and not equippe plementary chamber.

' The body may be of metal, and the walls of the complementary chamber may be of wood The complementary chamber may Such suggested differences, however, may afi'ect the quality or quantity of the tone. The specific construction shown is preferred, since, with the internal metal complementary chamber of cylindrical shape, the minimum amount of material is employed and the maximum tonal efiiect is produced.

I claim:

combination, a wood body having rectanguwiththe com-- lar wooden walls open at the top; a stopper adjustably fitting within the body of the pipe and closing the top thereof; a metallic indrical'tube within the body of the pipe 'the stopper at a distance equal to one-fourth.

the diameter of the tube; screw-threaded rods secured to the up er end of the tube dividing the interior of the pipe into a surrounding ri'mary chamber and a compleand extending through; oles in the sta er; a

nuts screwing on said, rods above and the stopper for adju stably holding the tube in place; and a sprin secured to the lower, end. of the'tube an bearing against flit 110 1. A stopped labial organ pipe having, in

walls of the pipe; thereby pressing the lower end of the tube against the pipe walls. 7

2. A stopped labial organ pipe-having, in

combination, a body open at the top; a

stopper adjustably fitting within the body of the pipe and closing the'top thereof; and

a metallic tube Within the'body of the pipe dividing the interior of the pipe into a 10 primary chamber and a complementary chamber of equal areas in cross-section, said tube having a closed bottom and an open top, the upper edge of said tube being located below the under face of the stopper at a distance equal to one-fourth the diameter of the tube.

3. A stopped labial organ pipe having, in combination, a body open at the top; a stopper adjustably fitting the body of the pipe and closin the top thereof; and a tube within thebo y of-the pipe dividing the interior of the pipe into a primary chamber and a complementary chamber, said tube closed bottom and an open top.

haviq a 4. n organ pipe having, in combination,

a body open at the to a stopper adjustably fitting the body 0 the pipe and closing the top thereof; and a tube within the body of the pipe dividing the interior of the pipe 80 into a primary chamber and a complementary chamber, said tube being suspended from and supported by said stopper, an

having a closed bottom and ano nbtop which establishes communication liztween said chambers. \1

5, An organ pipe having, in combination,

a body; a stopper for-said body; and a tube within said body dividing the interiorof the pipe into a. primary chamber and a comple- 40 mentary chamber, said tube' being supported by said stopper, and having a closed bottom and an open top which establishes communication between said chambers.

. 6. A stopped labial organ pipe having an a5 inclosed complementary chamber withinthe body of the pipe of, an area equal to that of the primary chamber of the pipe external to said complementary chamber, and a sto per, said complementary chamber havinga c osed bottom and an open to communicating with the primary chamber elow the stopper, the area of the passage between the complementary chamber and the primary chamber being equal to the area in cross-section of the complementary chamber.

7. A stopped labial organ pipe having a primary chamber and a complementary chamber of equal areas in cross-section, and a stopper, said complementary chamber having a closed bottom and an open top communicating with the primary chamber below the stopper, the area of the passage .be-

tween the complementary chamber and the primary chamber being equal to the areakn cross-section of the complementary chamber. 8. A stopped organ pi e havin a closed top primary chamber an a comp ementary chamber of equal areas in cross-section, said complementary chamber, having a closed bottom and an open top communicating with the primary chamber, the area of the passage between said chambers being to the area in cross-section of each cham er. 9. A stopped labial organ pipe havinga primary chamber, a sto per, and a complementary chamber clos at its bottom and open at its top and communicating with the primary chamber through its open' top. 10. A stopped/organ pipe having a primarv'chamber and a complementary chamher closed at its bottom and open at its top and communicatin directly through its open topsolely wit therimary chamber. In witness where-of, l have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM 'EQgHAsKELLi- Witnesses L. W. H AwLnY, H. F. C. Toao'r. 

